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Early Caulder Family Lines
By Dr. Christopher H. Daniels
Compiled on June 18, 2018 (Rev. January 7, 2020)
Appeared in the January-February 2020 Issue of the Pee Dee Queue
Introduction
This is a brief summary of the known early Caulder family members in Marlboro and Old Marion Districts/Counties of South Carolina between 1790 and 1890 and is for the purpose of giving a starting point for those wanting to research the Caulder family.
The name Caulder has been spelled many different ways in the Marion County Archives and other sources. Some may even find different...
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Early Caulder Family Lines
By Dr. Christopher H. Daniels
Compiled on June 18, 2018 (Rev. January 7, 2020)
Appeared in the January-February 2020 Issue of the Pee Dee Queue
Introduction
This is a brief summary of the known early Caulder family members in Marlboro and Old Marion Districts/Counties of South Carolina between 1790 and 1890 and is for the purpose of giving a starting point for those wanting to research the Caulder family.
The name Caulder has been spelled many different ways in the Marion County Archives and other sources. Some may even find different spellings for the same person. This is not uncommon because many of the early settlers of our area were illiterate and often their mark was an “X”; also, they had to depend on census takers, justices of the peace, and others to write their names according to how they sounded. Caulder could very easily be spelled Colder, Culder, Calder, etc.
I will use the spelling Caulder throughout, and I hope you can find the different spellings by searching through the records. Also, several different spellings encountered in preparing this brief summary could easily have caused me to make mistakes.
Census records provide information to help explain the Caulder families in present-day Dillon and Marlboro Counties. Members of the Caulder family are sometimes labeled as “Mulatto” (MU) or “Free Persons of Color.” In our area this often means a genetic mixture of White, Black and/or Native American. The censuses of 1800 and 1810 began to label individuals in this family as White even though previously in the 1790 Census, the first and only census prior to 1800, had labeled these same individuals MU or Free Persons of Color. I have seen in census records the race changing from decade to decade for the same person. The reason for the different labels may have occurred because of the census takers’ confusion or because of marriages into other families.
Ananias (“Nias”) Caulder (Marlboro and Marion)
Many members of the Caulder family in present-day Dillon County are in a line descending from Ananias Caulder, whose first name, like his surname, had several variant spellings: Annanias, Ananias, Annais, and Nias. In the middle of the Hulon Cemetery near Latta, there is a stone for Ananias Calder, born January 6, 1787, died September 17, 1884. He does not show up in any records of present-day Dillon County until the 1840 census, but he appears in the 1830 Marlboro County census. In the 1830 census his household had three males, one born between 1825-1830, one born between 1820-1825, and Ananias born between 1790-1800; and four females, one born between 1825-1830, two born between 1820-1825, and Ananias wife born between 1800-1810.
Ananias married several times. The first was to Nelly, last name unknown, born c. 1825. She appears in the 1850 census. Another wife, Mary, born c. 1835, appears in the 1880 census. Listed in the 1880 census, in the household of “Nias” Caulder, there is a Mary Powers Owens, who is identified as a niece of “Nias” and Mary Caulder. She was the widow of Nelson “Neddie” Owens), from near Latta. Her son, James Owens, is also listed. Nelson Owens was born around 1817 and died between 1860 and 1870. Mary Powers Owens was born in January 1824 and died after 1900. After Mary Powers Owens husband’s death, she moved from Marion Township (near Jonah Collins) to upper Marion County in Moody Township (near Ananias Calder).
Evidence shows that a common myth concerning another wife, Eliza Turner, who died in 1890 and is buried in Hulon Cemetery, was not Ananias Caulder’s spouse but the spouse of Martin Turner.
He had at least ten children:
1. Malcolm Calder (1813–1899), husband of 1) Janie Sweat; 2) Annie Turbeville, burial place for Malcolm and his wife Annie: Sardis Baptist Church in Latta, Dillon County, South Carolina.
2. Unknown son (between 1820 &1825–after 1840), burial place unknown.
3. Unknown Daughter (between 1820 & 1825–after 1840), burial place unknown.
4. Unknown Daughter (between 1825 & 1830–after 1840), burial place unknown.
5. Unknown Daughter (between 1825 & 1830–after 1840), burial place unknown.
6. Ananias Calder (c. 1831– ? ), burial place unknown.
7. William Caulder (c. 1832– after 1880), husband of Arline (last name unknown), burial place unknown.
8. Duncan Calder (c. 1836–1902), burial place, Hulon Cemetery.
9. Martha Calder (c. 1839– ? ), burial place unknown.
10. Caroline Calder (c. 1848– ? ), burial place unknown.
11. John Calder (c. 1854 - ?)
12. Moses Calder (c. 1857 - ?)
13. David Calder (c. 1860 - ?)
The 1870 census shows “Annais” as age 70. According to his birthdate on the stone in Hulons Cemetery on Catfish Canal outside of Latta, SC, he would be 83 in 1870 (born 1787). In the census records for Ananias, we often see his birth range from 1790 to 1810. Is this a census taker mistake or a mistake given by family members? Base on the children, wives and location this is the same Ananias.
Ananias no doubt did farm labor, but in the 1850 census his profession was a miller. It’s not clear which of several mills he operated, but I know of one near his residence called Bass’s Mill (formally Hulon’s Mill). This mill was located next to Hulon Cemetery on Catfish Creek near Bass’s Mill Road and Highway 301 South.
For years many people have thought that Ananias’s father was Peter. No proof can be found in the census or the will of Peter Caulder Sr., (born ca. 1740), who was in Old Marion District by the 1790 census with only one son. Ananias did not show up until the 1840 census and he came from Marlboro County. Ananias resided in Marlboro County along with other Caulder family members around his age: Duncan (born between 1800 and 1810), Tobias (born ca. 1793), Anna (born between. 1790 and 1800), and Nancy (born between 1790 and 1800). Were Anna and Nancy married to a Caulder or were they born as Caulders? Ananias moved from these Caulder families in Marlboro District down to where other Caulder families resided in Marion District (showing a possible relationship between the two families).
The 1850 census shows that Ananias was born in 1800. It was common for census takers to make a mistake, so his gravestone birthdate of 1787 is more likely.
Note on some of Ananias’s children
Ananias Caulder’s son Malcolm was born between 1813 and 1826. In around 1847, he married, first, Janie Sweat (born ca. 1827) and had the following children: Vernettie (aka Nettie and born ca. 1849), Henry (born ca. 1846), Margaret (born ca. 1850), Betsy (born ca. 1854), Robert (born ca. 1856), Simeon (born ca. 1858), and Mary (born ca. 1860). Janie died after 1860. Two children born during this time were Malcolm (born ca. 1863) and Annie (born ca. 1867) and I am unsure of their mother.
His second known wife was Annie (aka Amanda) Turbeville whom he married between before1870. They had the following children: Council (born ca. 1873), Sterling (born ca. 1875), Joe (born ca. 1876), and Harvey (aka Harvest, born ca. 1880). A daughter named Helen was born in 1870 with her mother listed as Annie Nichols on her death certificate. Was Malcolm married three times or was there a mistake made on the death certificate.
Malcolm died prior to the 1900 census and was buried at Sardis Baptist Church Cemetery in Latta, SC along with his second wife, Annie Turbeville Caulder.
Note: In the 1870 census Malcolm’s household was recorded twice in the Moody Township. Also there is another Malcolm Caulder (born around 1843) who married Tabitha (last name unknown) and was the son of Ananias and Eliza (maiden name unknown) Caulder (stated below).
Caulders in Old Marion County
Another Ananias Caulder (born ca. 1815) showed up in the 1850 and 1860 censuses. His wife was Eliza Caulder. They had the following children in 1850: Susan (17), Martha (14), Malcolm (5), and Eliza (less than 1). I’m not sure who his father was. This is not the same as the two Ananias Caulders mentioned above (born 1787 and ca. 1831, respectively.
James Caulder (born ca. 1785) appeared in the 1830 census in Marion County, listed as head of household. This was the first census record of him. I don't know who his parents were.
A Noah Caulder also showed up in the 1860 census, born between 1829 and 1838. He had several children and resided with Hugh Finklea in 1860 but was in his own household by 1870. He was labeled as Mulatto and some of his descendants as Negroes by the 1940 census. He had a son named William Crickett Caulder (labeled as a Croatan) who in 1914 killed his brother Willis Caulder while under the influence. The story appeared in The Dillon Herald, April 2, 1914. The weapon was a hoe handle. I do not have any solid proof of how the family is related to Ananias, but they are buried in the Hulon Cemetery.
Lucy Caulder (born ca. 1822) showed up in the 1850 census with two children, Ann and Caroline. She lived next door to Nancy Ann Caulder (born ca. 1800), who had two known sons, John and William.
Peter Caulder (Kershaw and Marion Districts)
Let’s examine the Caulder families that were shown on the 1790 and 1800 census in present-day Dillon County: Peter Caulder Sr. (born ca. 1740), Peter Jr. (born ca. 1772), and Moses Caulder (born ca. 1772). Peter Caulder Sr. had one son and one daughter in the 1790 census and was labeled as “White.” Household members included his wife Lucy, his son Moses, and his daughter Elizabeth).
Peter Caulder Jr. had a daughter, listed in the 1790 census who was labeled as “White.” Moses Caulder had a daughter and son by the 1800 census. Each was labeled as a “Free Person of Color.” I could not find Peter Sr. listed in the 1800 census but his will (listed below) was recorded in 1801. In Peter Jr.’s household in the 1800 census were three males and three females.
Moses had a daughter, Mourning Caulder (born 1790 or 1791), and a son, named Peter, (born ca. 1795) who moved out West during his military service in the 1810s. This is documented by Billy D. Wiggins in A Stranger and a Sojourner: Peter Caulder, Free Black Frontiersman in Antebellum Arkansas (2004).
According to the 1820 Marion District Census, Moses had a son born between 1794 and 1804; a female born between 1810 and 1820, and a wife born before 1775. By this time his daughter, Mourning and son, Peter would have already left home.
According to the will of Peter Caulder (spelled Colder), recorded on August 20, 1801, his children were Moses Caulder (whose son named Peter is listed in the will), Peter Caulder Jr., Elizabeth Caulder (most likely of the home), and Nancy Hulon. His wife was named Lucy. Others named (possible children or relatives) were Mafey Caulder, Margret Lee, and Elizabeth Lee (spellings of the names transcribed from Peter Caulder’s Will).
Peter Sr. recorded his Will in Kershaw District which could explain why he did not show up in the 1800 census in Marion District. I also could not locate him in the 1800 census for Kershaw. His sons were living in the Marion District in 1800 and were most likely there at their father’s death. William Cook and Moses Malon witnessed the will.
Lucy Caulder (spelled Colder) and Moses Malon applied for a Letter of Administration probably because the sons lived elsewhere. Items from his estate are also listed in Kershaw County. Both his Will and Estate is too long to list but can be located in Kershaw County Courthouse.
A Moses Caulder (born between 1755 and 1774) is listed in the 1800 census in Kershaw District with two males and one female born between 1790 and 1800; one female, born between 1774 and 1784; and his wife, born between 1755 and 1774 This is not the same Moses from the Marion District in the 1800 census, but they could be related, since Peter Sr. moved from Marion to Kershaw District).
Richmond County, N. C.
Richmond County, N. C. is just across the border from Marlboro County. In the U. S. Census of 1820 for Richmond is an Alexander Caulder who was born before 1776 and who had one son born after 1804 and four daughters. He also had a female over the age of twenty-six and two females over age forty-five in his household.
In the 1830 and 1850 censuses a John Caulder (born 1790) was listed in Richmond County; in 1850 his birthplace was listed as South Carolina. The names are similar, but I’m unsure of the connection to the Caulders discussed above.
Marlboro County, S. C.
Many of the Marlboro County Caulders listed above included Duncan (born between 1800 and 1810), Tobias (born ca. 1793), Anna, and Nancy (both born between 1790 and 1800).
Tobias disappeared in the census records after 1840 in Marlboro County, but a Tobias appeared in the 1850 census in Coweta County, Georgia, with a birthplace as South Carolina. He lived there with his wife Rosana and two others: George Caulder (born ca. 1825) and Mary A. Caulder (born ca. 1820).
Education
Many members of the Caulder family were educated in the Indian Schools of the area. These schools were mainly located around Latta and around the upper part of the county toward Marlboro County. The schools around Latta included (as far as I know) Sardis Indian School (located to the east of Sardis Baptist Church), Meadow Hill (where the south ramp for Highway 501 going towards Marion from Latta near Dudly Road) and Sellers Indian School (located in Dillon County on Slabtown Road). Sardis Indian School was the last to close in 1952.
Sources
Survey of the Hulon Cemetery posted on the Dillon GenWeb, contributed by Danny Caulder in 2002.
US Census: 1790, 1800, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1870, 1880 retrieved from familysearch.org.
Marion Star Newspaper, 1914 and The Dillon Herald, April 2, 1914.
Peter Caulder's Will, 1801, Kershaw Dist. Will Book C page 452, Recorded on August 20, 1801.
General highway and transportation map, Dillon County, South Carolina, 1938-1943 |
