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Cmentarz żydowski w Kazimierzu Dolnym (nowy)

Memorials	:	0
Location	:	Powiat puławski, Poland
Description	:	The New Jewish Cemetery or "Nowy cmentarzy żydowski" in Kazimierz Dolny was established in 1854. It covers an area of 0,71 ha. Chronologically, it is the second Jewish Cemetery to appear in Kazimierz Dolny. The first and older one, at Lubelska Str., dated back to the 16th century. When it started to lack places for new burials, the city synagogue decided to create a new cemetery. The other reason being the fact that the old cemetery was already within the inhabited city area and they wanted a cemetery that would be outside of the populated area. A certain Motek Hercberg... Read More	The New Jewish Cemetery or "Nowy cmentarzy żydowski" in Kazimierz Dolny was established in 1854. It covers an area of 0,71 ha. Chronologically, it is the second Jewish Cemetery to appear in Kazimierz Dolny. The first and older one, at Lubelska Str., dated back to the 16th century. When it started to lack places for new burials, the city synagogue decided to create a new cemetery. The other reason being the fact that the old cemetery was already within the inhabited city area and they wanted a cemetery that would be outside of the populated area. A certain Motek Hercberg donated the grounds and thus the New Jewish Cemetery appeared in Kazimierz Dolny. It was walled and had a funeral house. On 1 September 1939 Nazi Germany attacked Poland. This event marks the beginning of WW2. The Third Reich occupied Poland and started to introduce its anti-Polish and anti-Jewish policy. The anti-Polish policy was aimed at destroying the culture and the intelligentia of Poland and to smash any opposition; the anti-Jewish policy was aimed at "solving" the so-called "Judenfrage" or "Jewish issue" in Poland – and in Europe – that is at destroying the Jewish population altogether. The Jewish community in Kazimierz Dolny in the inter-war period (between WW1 and WW2) is estimated at 1400 people. In September 1939, when Germany attacked Poland, the it numbered about 1800 Jews, which made up slightly less than 40 percent of the whole population of the town. The Jews were rounded up by the Germans in the ghetto they established in 1940. Those of the Jews who survived the starvation, disease and slave labor of the ghetto were moved in July 1942 to another ghetto, in Opole Lubelskie. From here they were successively deported to Nazi camps at Bełżec (gased upon arrival) and at Sobibór and Poniatowa and murdered, there. Fewer than twenty of Kazimierz Dolny's Jewish inhabitants are thought to have survived the war. One of the elements of Nazi Germany's anti-Jewish policy was the defilement and destruction of Jewish cemeteries. Both the 16th century and the 19th century Jewish cemeteries in Kazimierz Dolny saw this fate. On the area of the New Jewish Cemetery in Kazimierz Dolny the Nazi Germans occupying Poland executed people, both of Polish and of Jewish descent. They destroyed the graves. The Judenrat (Jewish Council) established in the town by the Germans was forced to oversee the German requirements of forced labor of the town's Jews. This inclueded paving streets and squares with the matsevahs from the cemetery, among other the courtyard of the Order of Friars Minor Strictioris Observantiæ Reformatorum monastery which had become a seat of the German gendarmerie. Some of the matsevahs can still be seen in the wall and on the inner threshold of the monastery. Very little of the cemetery survived WW2. There were only 16 tombstones and a brick wall in 1971. In 1984 three institutions, the Society for the Care of Heritage (Polish: Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami) in Kazimierz Dolny, the Museum at the Vistula River (Polish: Muzeum Nadwiślańskie) in Kazimierz Dolny and the Office of the Conservator-Restorer started a joined effort to save what could be saved of the cemetery. As a result several hundred matsevahs scattered around the town were brought back to the cemetery. A lapidarium in the shape of a wall by some split in the middle and designed by Tadeusz Augustynek was built of most of the matsevahs on a meadow embraced by the trees. It is called the "Wailing Wall" by some. There are around 300 matsevahs at the cemetery at present. Very few of them actually mark pre-war graves hidden among the trees and bushes and shrubs. Most form the lapidarium or stand in front of it. The area is not walled or protected in any way (as of 2021). As mentioned above, some of the matsevahs form part of the masonery of the monastery. Some others are exhibited at the Museum at the Vistula River at 11/13 Senatorska Str. in Kazimierz Dolny. The cemetery is owned by the Foundation for the Protection of the Jewish Heritage (Fundacja Ochrony Dziedzictwa Żydowskiego). It is listed on the register of immovable heritage sites of the Lublin Voivodship. (by Ivonna Nowicka, Dec. 2021) Sources: Bielawski Krzysztof. "Kazimierz Dolny" http://cmentarze-zydowskie.pl/kazimierz_dolny.htm (in Polish) https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_cmentarz_%C5%BCydowski_w_Kazimierzu_Dolnym (in Polish) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Dolny (in English) For a list of Jews whose matsevahs are at the cemetery see the sife of the Foundation for Documentation of Jewish Cemeteries in Poland, which has 237 entries (as of Dec. 2021) at: https://cemetery.jewish.org.pl/list/c_53

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Cmentarz żydowski w Kazimierzu Dolnym (nowy) is located at No GPS information available Add GPSul. Czerniawy, Kazimierz Dolny Powiat puławski ,Lubelskie , 24-120Poland.
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